Fly Fishing Wyoming

I grew up in a family where fishing and camping took on an almost religious
significance. The best of both worlds happens when I am out on a trout lake with fly rod
in hand.

Fishing trout lakes

Lakes are considered still water. This means that the trout have to actively search out
their food, it doesn't come to them as is does on moving water. The exception is at stream
inlets or outlets. Currents there will carry insects to waiting fish.

If there is structure around the edge of the lake, try fishing there first. Large solitary trout
sometimes hold in areas where fallen trees and other debris provide cover.

If you see a lot of rises out in the middle of the lake you are probably watching smaller
trout. Larger fish tend to stay in the depths and will only be tempted to come to the
surface for a large hatch or a large insect.

In deep lakes it pays to use a fast sinking line to get your fly down to where the trout are
holding. A short leader will work on a fast sinking line. If you are fishing the surface a
longer leader, 10 to 13 feet is usual.

Alpine trout lakes

The fun part, and challenge, of fishing high country trout lakes is that they are all
different. One lake may be deep and almost structure free, another only shallow with lots
of weed and structure.

Trout sometimes hang out in the shallows where insects drop from bank side vegetation.
Cutthroat and rainbow trout in lakes will sometimes school and travel around the lake in
search of food.

Trout will come in close to the water's edge looking for food. It pays to thoroughly fish
the shallows. If there is a decent hatch going on, even big trout will be tempted.

Weather in the high country can change quickly so you need to be prepared for all
conditions. It seems to me that high country trout fishing is best when the weather turns
cool, wet and a little windy.

Fishing trout lakes from tubes

More and more trout lakes are being fished from float tubes. The main thing to remember
is that your fly rod needs to be long enough so that your back cast doesn't hit the water.

Trout lake fishing from float tubes can be very productive especially when fishing towards the
shoreline. Once you are used to maneuvering the tube, you can quietly close in on weeds
and structure where fish are likely holding.

The flies that work on trout lakes

If there is a large hatch on the trout lake and the fish are feeding, use a fly that imitates
what is hatching. Streamers work if you are searching for big trout. Use a streamer in
deeper water on a sinking line and short leader.

Nymphs, caddis flies and nymphs are commonly found hatching on lakes. Fish these
insects with a floating line. If you are fishing mid-depths, use a slightly weighted fly.

If you are looking for a change from rivers and streams, try fishing trout lakes. There are
lakes where you'll discover a variety of trout; cutthroats, rainbows, browns, and brookies.
Not all fishing lakes hold only trout, so don't be surprised if a bass or bluegill has a look
at your fly.

With the numbers of anglers increasing every season, many fishermen are practicing
catch and release tactics. If you take a guided fishing trip you will often find that this
procedure is mandatory.

Along with catch and release goes the practice of selective harvest. In areas where the
fish population is becoming too dense, the managing authority will ask the angler to keep
all or part of his limit. This allows the remaining fish to stay healthy and grow.

Practicing careful catch and release techniques will ensure that the released fish will be in
the best possible condition to survive. Fly fishing has proved to be the most effective in
ensuring the survival of released fish.

The dos and don'ts of catch and release fishing

The longer you play a fish, the more exhausted it will become, and the less likely it is to
survive when released back to the water. Good catch and release techniques encourage
you to land your fish as quickly as possible.

Use the strongest fly fishing tippet practical to expedite landing of the fish. If you must use a net,
make sure that the net has a soft cotton bag with small holes. The smaller the holes, the less
likely the fish is to get snagged.

Catch and release procedures: removing the hook

It is better to keep the fish in the water as you remove the hook. If this is not possible
make sure that you wet your hands before holding it as the chemicals on your skin can
harm the fish.

Any hook that has been swallowed or is deeply embedded should be left in the trout. Its
natural juices, and time, will eventually dissolve the hook. Just clip the leader as close to
the hook as possible.

Speaking of hooks, using barbless types or crimping the barb on others will allow the
hook to be removed more easily. When I tie my flies, one of the first things i do is pinch the barb fown on the hook before I make my first wrap. Long-nosed pliers are great helpers when removing
hooks. Regulations in some areas require the use of barbless hooks.

Trout CPR for the catch and release program

Trout CPR involves gently supporting the trout in the water so that it can become
reoxygenated. Hold the fish right side up with one hand under the tail and the other under
the belly.

Face the fish upstream and let it go once it is making determined efforts to escape.
Reviving the trout can take some time so be patient.
Any fish that is bleeding from its gills is not likely to survive so keep that one.

Practicing a catch and release program can ensure that the trout populations will be
around for the next generations of anglers. My own philosophy is to release all wild or
native trout. I sometimes keep stocked fish for my table.

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Reading this one-of-a-kind book, 1001 Fly Fishing Tips , is like taking guided fishing trip across the country with over twenty-five of the world's most experienced fly fisherman. Editor, Jay Nichols, compiled over 1, 001 essential fly fishing tips that will help beginners and experts catch more fish on home waters and abroad. 1001 Fly Fishing Tips includes over 200 illustrations from renowned artist Dave Hill, and encyclopedic coverage of almost everything that's important to know about fresh and saltwater fly fishing such as: advise on casting with Lefty Kreh, matching the hatch with Charlie Meck, taking great fish photos with Barry and Cathy Beck, mastering mayflies with John Barr, catching selective trout with Mike Lawson, West Coast stripers with Dan Blanton, steelhead secrets with Lani Waller and spey casting with Simon Gawesworth. Papeback; 224 pages.

"The Best of Lefty's Tips, Tactics and Techniques for Fly Fishing" DVD Featuring Lefty Kreh
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''The Best of Lefty's Tips, Tactics and Techniques for Fly Fishing'' features fly fishing expert Lefty Kreh. In this detailed DVD, you?ll get Lefty?s expert advice about rod and reel selection, fly selection, special casting techniques, dealing with line, leaders Mother Nature. Plus, get a look at what Lefty keeps in his vest. Lefty possess over 50 years of fly fishing experience, and much of what he?s learned on and off the water is covered in this, ''Best of'' DVD.

All fishermen have little secret strategies that they believe give them the advantage over all others on the water. Most of these are nothing more than the fly fishing tips listed here. The secret to successful fishing is remembering the basics.

Fly fishing tips to keep your cast on target

Fly fishing is casting. If you cannot cast, you will not catch fish. Fly fishing tips that help improve your cast are well worth following.

Practice, practice, practice is the secret to a good cast. This is the way you will develop a smooth and accurate presentation. Go find a park and throw a line at a target.

If your line is landing at a heap in front of you, you are not stopping your cast early enough. Your rod should stop at the 11 o'clock position. You can lower the rod after the line has lain out smoothly on the water.

Most casting mistakes are caused by one or more of the following: your wrist is bending as you cast, you have not developed a relaxed rhythm to your cast, or you are letting your rod go beyond the 1 o'clock 11 o'clock positions.

Remember it is the line that carries the fly into position. You need to have the line flowing smoothly to present the fly right in the zone.

Short and accurate casting is preferable to long casts to empty water.

Approaching the water: the vital fly fishing tip

You can have all the skills in the world but if you lose the fish before you get to the water, you'll be a disenchanted fisherman. The most important fly fishing tip I can give you to prevent this is to stop, look, and think.

Stop before you get to the stream, several yards back from the bank in fact. Lay down your rod and check out the water. Where are the fish likely to be holding and how can you fish those areas the most effectively?

Fly fishing is a thinking sport. Jumping into the water and casting haphazardly will not fill your creel, or please any other fishers nearby. Experienced fishermen and women can spend as much as twenty minutes assessing the waters before making their first cast.

Fly fishing tips: a knotty problem

If a knot is not seated properly it will fail. Too many turns around a standing line will not allow the knot to draw down properly. Too few turns and the knot will slip.

Lubricating the knot as you pull it tight will secure it better. Saliva works just great.

Learn to tie the most commonly used knots with your eyes shut. When the light is poor out on the river, or you forgot your glasses, you'll still be able to manage.

A fly fishing tip for understanding how fish hold

We often hear that fish face upstream but this is not necessarily so. The fly fishing tip to learn here is that fish lie into the current. Eddies and other factors turn the currents around. Fish holding in these waters could well be facing downstream.

Check out the stream so that your approach is from the right direction.

Fish often lie under banks for cover. If you spook one of these it is likely to spread panic throughout the rest of the waters. Look before you step.

Approach the river from shade if possible; you'll be less visible to the fish. Wearing muted color clothes will also help camouflage you.

Fly fishing tips for waders

Using a wading staff will keep you stable in fast currents and let you know what's going on underneath where you can't see.

Slowly does it. Take all the time you need to get into position when wading. In quiet water you should be so slow that the water barely shows your presence. If you are creating waves, you are wading too fast.

General fly fishing tips

When you are in a tight spot and need to make a short cast, hold your rod up by the butt guide. This will have the effect of shortening your rod and make the cast easier.

A small hand movement can create a lot of movement at the end of your rod. Remembering this will help you control your casting.

Presentation is more important than food types. Many fish will rise to any tasty looking morsel if it is presented properly. A poorly presented fly will likely be ignored.

Trout are not smart, but they can be easily spooked.

There are many fly fishing tips to be learned. Talking to local fishermen and knowledgeable salespeople at fishing stores can provide you with an arsenal of fishing advice. Look it over, try it out, and use the tips that work for you.

Ask some old timers is fly fishing growing and you get the muttered reply that there are
few places now where a body can go and get peace on the water. The appearance of more
and more fishing outfitters backs up their complaints.

Is fly fishing growing at a sustainable rate

There are more fishermen out on the water than when I was a kid and the question needs
to be asked is fly fishing growing in a manner that does not endanger our trout and other
sport fish populations.

With the introduction of catch and release practices on many rivers I believe that it is
possible to encourage more people to enter the game while still protecting the fish.

Wildlife management groups and fishing regulations ensure that future fisher folk will
still thrill to the sight of fish rising on mist covered waters. Conservation conscious
anglers no longer fish to fill their creels.

It is not unusual at the end of the day to sit around a campfire and talk not only about the
one that got away but also the one that you let get away. On some rivers you are frowned
upon if you do not return fish to the water even if there are no catch and release
regulations in place.

Is fly fishing growing good for the sport

Increasing numbers of people are casting lines on rivers and lakes in search of feeding
fish. Is fly fishing growing so that the increase in numbers is good for the sport?

We fishermen have always been solitary people. We enjoy fishing pristine rivers where
we can test our skills against wary browns, or fighting rainbows. If there are others
fishing, we have given them plenty of room and found our own fishing spot.

There are certainly problems associated with the growth of fly fishing, but I thing that
generally the sport is benefiting from the popularity it is now experiencing.

Technology has followed on the wave of popularity that fly fishing is enjoying. Our tools
are being more and more refined as manufacturers compete for their places in the market.
We are refining out fishing skills with tools that make catch and release techniques more
successful.

It has been proven that the greatest survival rate for released fish is when they are caught
on a fly. We are more likely to fish with barbless hooks and bring fish in quickly for
releasing. Our rods and lines are designed to make the process easier.

Licensing ensures that monies generated return at least in part to maintaining and
supporting fishing waters.

The new generations of fly fishermen and women are more aware of conservation needs
and practices than most of us who grew up thinking that our fishing expertise was
measured by the number of fish we took home at the end of the day.

Is fly fishing growing a problem

There are some issues that need addressing when we consider the question is fly fishing
growing. The added pressure on sensitive areas can negatively impact fishing. More
people on fishing waters can contribute to pollution issues.

However, the problems associated with the growth of fly fishing can often be alleviated
by well considered regulations.

Seasonal closures allow targeted fish populations to rebuild and vegetation to recover.
Limiting the numbers and sizes of catches not only prevents over fishing an area, but can
encourage healthy stocks by keeping the fish population to numbers that the waters can
effortlessly sustain.

The greatest issue that I have with the increasing numbers of people on the rivers is the
corresponding increase in litter. It is not unusual to soda cans, food containers, and other
wrappers lying on banks and shorelines. Worse still is the tangled monofilament lying in
the grass, a lethal trap for curious birds and wildlife.

There have always been thoughtless individuals and we fly fishers have had our share of
them. Unfortunately they are still around. My solution is to always carry a plastic bag or
something similar that can slip into a pocket.

At the end of the day, I carry out any garbage I find. It doesn’t weigh much and I feel that
I have left the area a little better than I found it. Maybe the next fisherman will appreciate
the beauty and do the same.

Is fly fishing growing? The answer must be that it is, but generally that is not a bad thing.
If we are responsible in our fishing habits and considerate of out impact upon prime
fishing habits, then we can sustain the increasing number of anglers casting lines each
season.

In fly fishing we refer to three basic fishing levels; the surface
where we float dry flies, the middle where we fish wets or nymphs
and the bottom where we fish nymphs. In this article we'll have a
look at some of the techniques for fly fishing nymphs.

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Why fly fishing nymphs?

Nymphs make up the main diet of trout and other fresh water fish.
For most of their immature stage these nymphs live under rocks
and stones on the river bottom. You need to get your nymph down
to the riverbed where the fish are feeding.

I've found the best way to do this is by casting a deep sinking
nymph upstream at about a 45-degree angle then stripping the line
with my hand as it travels back towards me. I make sure that the
fly is drag-free. If I need to mend the line I do so upstream.

Never mend your line downstream, you will actually create drag, which
is just what you are trying to avoid. The take can be very subtle so
if you are having trouble detecting it, try using a strike indicator.
This is a fine time to use a dry fly as the strike indicator.

With practice you will begin to feel what is happening under the water
and no longer need the indicator.

Some nymphs are weighted in the tying process, if yours is not you
can add a small split shot about a foot above the nymph if you need
help in getting it down to the fish.

What to choose when fly fishing nymphs

Trout feed on three main nymphs, although within these groups there
are many varieties. These three are the caddis, the mayfly and the
stonefly nymphs. To know what nymph to use, look under a rock or two.
The one that is in greatest quantity is the one to use. Try and
imitate both size and color.

Fly fishing nymphs at the mid-water level

At some stage the nymphs will emerge into adult insects. During the
pre-emerge stage, they head to the surface and at this time the
feeding area is just under the surface and you will need to change
your technique for fly fishing nymphs. The nymph needs
to float just under the surface and in that mid-level area.

You can do this by fishing the nymph as you would a dry fly only a
bit deeper or fish the nymph as a wet and retrieve it with small quick
jerks just under the surface. Strikes will be hard to see so you must
develop that sixth sense of knowing when a fish is hitting the nymph.
If you feel anything different about the line, strike.

If you don't hook a fish, the strike hasn't cost you anything. If you
don't strike you might lose your fish.

Up to 90 percent of a trout's diet consists of nymphs. By fly fishing
nymphs you could increase your success rate markedly. You won't
have that same thrill of watching a rising fish take your fly, but
you will catch fish.

Terrestrials are insects that live on land, but find themselves fish dinner when they drop
into the water. Terrestrial fishing flies imitate those insects. Grasshoppers, beetles, ants,
and crickets are all common terrestrials copied by fly fishermen.

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How to fish with terrestrial fishing flies

If you consider where the insects are likely found, you will understand that casting
terrestrial fishing flies close to banks and overhanging branches can be productive. Fish
will often hold in these places waiting for the 'manna from heaven'.

Anglers usually fish terrestrials on the surface, but sometimes, heavier insects like beetles
will sink quickly. Once in a while try fishing a terrestrial fly under the surface. It can
tempt a hungry trout.

Fish are opportunistic feeders when it comes to terrestrials often grabbing at what ever
comes by. It doesn't hurt to slap the fly almost on top of the fish if they are feeding. The
trout will grab instinctively and swallow the fly before it knows that it is not real.

I like to retrieve a terrestrial fly with jerking movements to imitate the struggles of an
insect trapped in the water. Fish will find these struggling movements irresistible.

The lighter the insect, the higher it will float in the water. Make sure that the fly you are
using behaves in the same way. Generally I cast terrestrials upstream and let them dead-
drift downstream.

Use a long leader when fishing terrestrials. You want to allow the fish to see the fly but
not the fly line.

Which terrestrial fishing flies to use

While all terrestrial fishing flies produce results, my experience has been that ant
imitations are high on the trout's favorite foods. A group of ants floating on the water
invites trout to dine.

There won't be a lot of splashing around, the fish move around sipping the ants from the
surface. You'll need to concentrate as it's hard to catch the subtle movement when your fly is
taken and set the hook quickly.

Beetles are another good bet when fishing terrestrials. A good-sized beetle is like a 16oz
steak to a fish. He will get a lot of return for a little effort when feeding on one of these.

Hoppers include, obviously, grasshoppers and crickets and the like. If you look carefully
at a grasshopper struggling in the water you'll notice that it lies on the surface and
slightly under the surface. Try and get your imitator to do the same.

Although terrestrials should be fished near the banks of rivers and streams, some get
dumped into the middle waters and you should not ignore this area.

Tying terrestrial fishing flies

Tying terrestrial fishing flies is a good place to start for beginners. They're easy to tie and
are a good bet to catch fish. There are many books and Internet sites that will give you
instructions on tying terrestrials.

Include the following terrestrials in your tackle box: a variety of ants, some parachute
hoppers, a few foam beetles and a couple of crickets. With this selection you'll be ready
to try working with terrestrial fly fishing flies.

Fly fishing outfitters are the source for all your fly fishing needs. Walk into a decent-
sized store and you’ll be mesmerized by all the bits and pieces guaranteed to enhance
your fishing experience.

The lure of fly fishing outfitters

Now, we fisher folk are an interesting bunch. We wear pants and shirts originally
destined for the local tip, our hats are the subject of many a rude comment, and we wear
“eau de la fish” like some women wear Christian Dior. But take us to a fly fishing
outfitter and we let loose with the credit cards like there’s no tomorrow.

Names like Tackle ‘Em, Fisherman’s Heaven, Fish n Hole bring the same look on our
faces that an ice cream addict gets on a date with Ben and Jerry. Smart better-halves
know to never make us choose between them and the outfitters – the odds of them
winning are not great.

Services offered by outfitters

Tackle is not the only offering available at a fly fishing outfitter. Some of the larger
places provide both guiding services and classes for all abilities.

Good outfitters will have competent and knowledgeable staff who can advise you on how
to get the best from your equipment. They should also have a sound understanding of
what is happening on local waters. For this reason I prefer to visit outfitters who
specialize in fishing.

Although it is possible to find what you are looking for in general sports stores,
specialized shops are more focused on your needs.

Some outfitters offer fishing trips, nationally or internationally. I like to know if these are
organized and run by the store offering the trip or if they are acting as an agent for
another group. What you see might not be what you get.

Purchasing from Internet fly fishing outfitters

Most of the larger outfitters have web sites where you can check out their stock.
You can purchase right from the web if you are sure about what you are getting. If not
then find a dealer who stocks what you are looking for and go have a look before you
buy.

Before you buy from the Internet outfitter, look at their return policies and make sure
they have a secure site for credit card purchases. You should also be familiar with
warranties which may or may not include shipping and handling costs.

Where to find fly fishing outfitters

If you wander close to a major river you will be hard pressed not to come across several fly
fishing outfitters. These are the places to haunt if you are in new territory as the staff will
know what is happening on their local waters.

If you have left your rod and reel at home, some of these larger outfitters will have rental
equipment. You’ll be able to get everything you need for a day on the river, from a
license to a boat if you want one.

Fly fishing outfitters are located everywhere that fly fishing is popular. Well, maybe not
out in the back country, although you can occasionally come across a remote store with a
few fishing odds and ends.

If you are planning to travel to new water it's always a good idea to locate some of the local
outfitters and make contact before you head out. A good fly fishing outfitter will offer all kinds of valuable information such as hatches and hot spots and access points. a few minutes talking to a good outfitter will help you be prepared and will help make your time on the water more fun and productive.

There are about as many fly tying patterns as there are places
to fish. The main considerations when filling your tackle box
are the conditions you'll be fishing (water and weather) and
the fish you'll be targeting.

Fly tying patterns that should be in your tackle box

There are certain fly tying patterns that form the basic of
any tackle box. They'll catch fish when nothing else is working
and will substitute when you find yourself without a fly that
matches the current hatch.

You can tie your own by checking out the instructions online
or you can haunt your favorite fly fishing supplies store,
online or in person, to purchase ready-made flies.

Attractor fly tying patterns

Royal Wulff is an attractor fly that is highly visible because
of its white wings that stand up on the water. It's an
attractor that fish find hard to resist.

With proper presentation and a close attention to the take,
a Royal Wulff will help you catch your limit most days.
Several Royal Wulffs sized 10 - 16 should have a place in
your tackle box.

The unsinkable Molly Brown of the fly fishing world is the
Humpy, sometimes called the Goofus Bug. This fly is great
for the beginner who has trouble seeing a fly on the water.

If you can see the fly, the fish can see it too. This is
not the fly you should start on when beginning fly tying.
It's fairly complicated, but it's a great attractor.

Other dry fly tying patterns

The Adams fly is a standard for the basic tackle box. It
is arguably the most used dry fly in the business. The
Parachute Adams is more visible than the Adams so I use it
more frequently.

The Adams imitates several of the mayflies. I have a few of
each size 16 - 22. I also use it with some success when
nothing else seems to be working.

Elk Hair Caddis flies are a must for the dry fly tackle box.
This insect is an important part of the trout's diet and having
several replicas in your kit is a good idea.

A Marabou Muddler can be fished as a dry fly or a wet and this
baby will tempt some of those big fish that turn their noses
up at smaller offerings.

Have the Marabou Muddler in your fly box in sizes 4 - 8. Fish
it a little upstream and retrieve it in small jerks that imitate
the swimming patterns of minnows.

Fishing wet fly tying patterns

Woolly Buggers in sizes 4 - 8 are another essential for your
fly box. I have them in several colors, but the black and
dark green have worked best for me.

Make sure when you are fishing this monster that it is right
down near the bottom. You can add a small weight if necessary.
You might want to use a leader that's a bit thicker (2x or 3x)
than you would when fishing the light dries.

If you are into tying your own flies, instructions for the
fly tying patterns mentioned here can be found online, in
magazines and in fly tying books.

It pays to check with your local fly fishing store for
information on what's hot in your area. Your fly fishing
patterns should reflect what is working where you are

Add a couple of 'just because they look good' flies to your
tackle box. You might be surprised how successful they are.
A trout that has been exposed to the same fly day after day
might be tempted by a change in diet.

New fly fishing patterns are being developed daily and you
should give some of them a try. I do and will continue to do
so, but I still keep the proven basics close at hand. Good
fishing.

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There is something special about seeing a fish rise to a fishing fly that you have tied for yourself. Whether it is a copy of a standard pattern, or your own design, tying flies can add another dimension to your fly fishing experience.

Tools for tying fishing flies

The vise is the most important tool used in tying fishing flies. There is a great variety to choose from but the main feature of a good vise is that it will securely hold all sizes and shapes of hooks.

A bobbin is something you will use every time you are tying flies. Some of the cheaper bobbins snag or cut the thread as you are working, a quality one should eliminate this problem. Having a few bobbins loaded with different threads is handy.

Several pairs of scissors are advisable. You'll need a heavier pair for cutting fly tying materials and a finer pair for snipping thread and lighter materials.

Hackle pliers wrap the feathers around the hook with an even tension. They also come in several sizes.

Nice to have, but not essential, are bodkins, hackle guards and whip finishers. Some fly tiers swear by them, others have tied flies for years without them. I personally like the whip finishers that make the knot at the head of the fly a whole lot more secure.

Hooks for tying fishing flies

When tying flies you first need to decide what you are planning on tying. Then you choose the correct hook for the job.

Hooks for wet flies are generally heavier than those for dries. Streamer hooks are longer and the shank is sometimes shaped to imitate the fly being tied.

Materials used in tying fishing flies

Almost anything goes when it comes to materials for tying flies. With the advent of many artificial materials on the market, it is no longer necessary to bribe the local hunter or poultry farmer for "samples" of fur and feathers.

That being said, peacock feathers and other natural materials are still the stock in trade for many a fly tying purist.

Not all fishing flies are tied to represent hatches on the river. Flies representative of insect life found along rivers banks, and stream life in general are successfully taking fish around the country.
As your expertise increases, you will be tying streamers, attractor patterns, and nymphs as well as flies that represent those found on specific waters that you fish. Often the flies that you tie for one river will be effective on another, but if the fish are hitting a particular hatch then you need to have that imitator in your fly box

An angler who is successfully tying flies usually has taken the time to look closely at the insect life around the waters he is intending to fish. He often ties a variety of colors and sizes of the same fly to match those that are tempting even the most reluctant feeder.

Tying fishing flies takes a bit of practice but the effort will seem worthwhile when you feel that first take on a fly you have tied yourself. Try it, if nothing else it will help pass the off -season hours when your only fishing time is limited to the dreams of next season's trophy.

Although casting is the one technique as a fisherman or woman you must master, being
able to read the water is a necessary skill, especially when river fly fishing.

River fly fishing waters

River fly fishing anglers, who are catching fish on a regular basis while others around
them are not, are likely reading the water more accurately. River waters are always on the
move, but not always at the same speed.

If you can read the river then you will understand where fish will be holding and you can
spend your time casting at productive waters while avoiding empty ones.

Fish need three basic commodities in any water. They need to be protected from
predators, including fishermen, they need a constant supply of food, and they need to
have relief from strong currents. If you can find a spot where all three needs are met, then
you will have found fish.

Looking for fish when river fly fishing

When you are river fly fishing seek out places where there is structure that fish can hide
in, under, or behind. This might be the downstream side of downed trees and logs. The
fish holding here will also be protected from currents. Rocks and debris in the river is
likewise holding water.

Fish like to hang out in areas that are shaded by overhanging vegetation, especially as
insects and food items often fall into the water from these places. They look for shelter by
river banks where the current has eroded away some of the dirt.

Riffles, prime fish lies for river fly fishing

If you are river fly fishing, one of your first casting areas should be to riffles as they are
prime holding places. Firstly, they offering protection from overhead; it is hard to see into
disturbed water. Secondly, food is brought to the waiting fish via the current. A fish can
hide behind small stones in the riffle and dart out to catch food as it drifts by.

Riffle water is not deep so fish here are usually on the small side. They will feed
aggressively because they do not have a lot of time to look at food as it passes by. If they
see something vaguely representing food they are likely to strike at it.

River fly fishing in pools

Large fish often hold in pools where they are invisible to predators. River fly fishing in
pools is usually best done at the head or the tail of the pool. Insects will be found at the
head of the pool, carried there on the currents, and fish will wait for an easy meal.

Fish in pools are often passive. They are not actively feeding but they can be tempted by
a juicy morsel that hits them on the nose. This is the place to try your streamers and wets.

Runs can be productive areas for river fly fishing. The water is moving at a steady pace
although it is not disturbed like riffle water. The bottom of a run can be covered with
vegetation and the moving water creates good oxygen.

Weighted flies or sinking lines are standard fishing tackle for runs

Feeding and spawning are a fish’s prime activities. If there is a good hatch going on a fish
will be tempted out from his holding area. The astute fly fisherman will watch for action
on the water and either match the hatch or cast an attractor to tempt the feeding fish.

If you are fishing clear surface water, you will need a delicate presentation with a long
leader. Pools and deeper waters require weighted flies that quickly reach the holding
areas.

River fly fishing is fun and exciting. It is the place where a fisherman needs to use all of
his skills both mental and physical. The river is where you will fine tune your fly fishing
techniques.

What is it about an angler that makes him think that fly fishing lakes is somehow not
quite kosher? Is it the concept that fly fishing lakes is "easier" than fishing moving waters?
Or is it an excuse because the fisherman in question has no idea how to fly fish in lakes?

Stillwater fishing can be as rewarding and as challenging as fishing rivers and streams. It
just requires a different approach.

Know where to fish when fly fishing lakes

The same principle applies when fly fishing lakes as it does when fishing moving water;
if you don't fish where the fish are, you won't catch them. You need to know the water
you are fishing.

There are several things to consider when reading lake waters. The first is an old familiar;
fish needs for protection and food are the same as in moving water. They just don't have
to contend with currents.

Lake fish are often found in or around weed beds. You might lose a fly or two, especially
if you are fishing wets, but you'll hook into a few big ones if you use the right fly and
concentrate on the weed beds.

Any structure in a lake (I include reservoirs in this category), man-made or natural, is a
good place to throw a line. During the spawning season, female trout come into the
shallow waters to make their nests; the males follow to fertilize the eggs.

In a recent lake fishing trip I hooked my largest fish about ten feet out in three feet of
water. A good sized male who was guarding the nest, he took my fly as it passed by his
nose. Spawning trout are often opportunistic feeders.

Fish the depths when fly fishing lakes

Fly fishing lakes vary in depth. You should be prepared to fish all levels. Your floating
line might work for fishing all levels of a river or stream, but on a lake you'll need to
consider different lines.

If you want to get down to the bottom of a 50 feet lake, a floating line is not going to do it
for you, without a huge amount of weight on your fly. Having several lines of different
sink weights is a plus when fishing these waters.

The retrieve: knowing what works on fly fishing lakes

Your fly needs to imitate the behavior of the insect it is representing when fly fishing
lakes. Think about it for a moment.
When an aquatic insect emerges and heads for the surface, how is going to get there? Not
too many will take the tourist route. Their survival instincts will ensure that they get to
the surface as quickly as possible.

That being said, different insects emerge differently. A midge or caddis fly will probably
head straight up to the surface. If you are fishing these insects, a fast vertical retrieve
works well. That's what the fish expect.

A damsel fly is a different story and your retrieve needs to reflect its almost horizontal
move to the surface. It is looking for a structure where it can shed its casing. Retrieve
more slowly when fishing a damsel imitator.

You should spend a little time watching the actions of insects on the water. The closer
you can imitate their behavior, the more trout you will tempt into taking your fly.

Be flexible when fly fishing lakes

No, I don't mean that you have to twist yourself into a position that a contortionist would
envy – although it does help when you're trying to cast to a particularly difficult spot.
When fly fishing lakes you need to be prepared to change leaders, tippets, lines and
tactics, often!

The fish are the ultimate determiners of how and what your fishing techniques should be.
What works one day, will be useless the next. It's difficult to explain why sometimes
what seems to be the worst cast brings home the best fish. Maybe that bad cast or retrieve
made the fly move like the real thing would.

Varying the weight and length of your leader can make a difference in whether or not you
are catching fish. It's not always the fly pattern that is wrong.

If you know you are in an area where fish should be, then work out the reasons why they
are not biting. A change of tactics will often bring about a change of success.

Fly fishing lakes from a float tube

Float tubes and pontoon boats are the ideal vehicles for fly fishing lakes. The increasingly
number seen every year indicates how successful these are becoming. You can even get
depth and fish finders to attach to your float tube.

The advantage of fishing from a float tube is that you can fish from the water without the
expense of a hard-hulled boat. In fact the float tube can take you closer to those shoreline
spots where lake fish like to gather. If you know your limits as well as those of your float
tube, this method could open a whole new world of still water fishing.

Fly fishing lakes can be every bit as fascinating as any fly fishing. If you're already
fishing rivers and streams, consider trying the lakes. When the fishing season is over on
the high mountain streams, you'll likely find that there's a lake close by where you can
throw your line. Now that can't be all bad, can it?

It's easy to forget that many people have never experienced the thrill of trout fishing. Perhaps they've spent most of there lives in places where trout fishing isn't possible. Whatever the reason, when the day finally comes, you can improve your odds for success by learning some basics about fishing for trout.

When is the best time to go trout fishing?

Forget the theories about lunar and solar calendars, cold fronts and wind. Your fishing can be productive at any time as long as you are giving the fish what they want. My recent encounter with a nice 3 pound rainbow in pouring rain, howling wind and goodness knows what moon cycle, taught me that if fish are hungry, they'll bite.

Trout fishing basics

So the trout is smarter than you? The old story that trout are canny, smart and can outwit the most experienced angler probably originated from the fisherman who consistently came home with an empty creel. It's also likely to stop the beginner from persevering with trout fishing.

Sure, the trout has basic survival instincts, but this fish has a brain the size of a pea. It doesn't have the capacity to outsmart you. If you are suffering from empty creel syndrome, maybe its time to look at your technique.

Fishing for trout involves much more than walking up to the water's edge and tossing in a line. A little bit of thought and some scouting around could make the difference between a successful and unsuccessful experience.

A beginning trout fisherman often waits for his rod to bend and a lunker to race off with the fly. I'd hate to count the number of fish that have been lost because the take was missed, or the hook set a little too late.

It pays to watch your line closely and set the hook at any movement that is out of the norm. Dry fly fishing is easier because you can see what is happening, but most of the trout you catch will be caught under the surface and that requires even more concentration. A fish moving toward you is more difficult to feel than the one moving away.

Trout fishing: habitats

Find a good trout fishing stream is fine, but if you don't know where the fish are in that stream you have a problem. It is important to know where the fish are likely to be holding in any waters.

Fish have basic needs: protection from predators, relief from strong currents, and food. If your stream has one of these features it is possible that there are trout living there. If the river has all of these features then trout will be around.

Cover takes all form. Overhangs, deep water, roots from riverbank trees. Anything that can camouflage or hide the trout is cover and a likely area to throw a fly to.

Any area where boulders or debris provide relief from currents is also a holding place for trout. Sometimes you have to present your fly very carefully to fish these spots.

The presence of food can be the strongest trout attractor of all. When there is a particularly dense hatch going on few trout can resist the urge to feed. This is not the norm; you will catch more trout by presenting the right fly to the right spot than any other way.

Trout Fishing: favorite holding areas

Streams and rivers have a variety of features and to shave a successful trout fishing encounter you need to know what these are and how the trout use them.

The Riffles

Riffles are one of the most productive trout fishing features. They fill all the needs that a trout requires, food, shelter from current, and cover.

The very feature that protects the trout from predators also gives the angler an advantage over the trout. Trout have difficulty seeing an angler through the moving water so you can approach closer than in still waters.

The Pools

The tongue of a pool is also a prime holding area for trout. This is where the food will come into the pool and the fish can feed and then quickly return to the safety of the deep water.

The same characteristics of the tongue of the pool are found in the tail where the water leaves the pool. This is also a good place to cast a fly.

The Flats

Flats are like shallow pools. If the flat has vegetation growing on the bottom is a likely place for trout to hold. You need to be especially astute when fishing flats, using long leaders and keeping yourself hidden from easily spooked trout.

Any area where there are tree roots, overhanging vegetation, and other cover is worth a try when trout fishing. This is especially true when the cover is combined with other features such as deep water.

It is unlikely that trout will be around rapids. You would do better to fish other areas where the currents are not so strong.

Trout fishing is an experience not to be missed. Every stream, river or large body water has its own unique characteristics. Practice your techniques on home waters and then apply what you learn to other trout fishing areas. You might find that you are as hooked as those fish in your creel.

Wyoming offers some of the best fishing for rainbows, cutthroats, brook and brown trout in the Western United States. Find out more about Wyoming Trout Fishing.

Fly fishing beginners can be identified by their enthusiastic approach to the water and their
amazed stares as fish scatter in all directions.

Ok, we've all suffered from the adrenalin rush and still do on the odd occasion. Fly
fishing is a thinking sport, so stop, wait, and think before you put a foot near the water.
You'll be glad you did.

Maintain the enthusiasm of fly fishing beginners

Fly fishing beginners often have an enthusiasm that spills over into a desire to get out on
the water, throw a fly at the lunker trout who has escaped capture for 10 years, and prove
that their modern equipment has huge advantages over the bamboo sticks their
grandfathers still use.

Now if we could tap some of that enthusiasm and blend it with a good dose of the intense
pondering of the old timer, serious angler, we'd wind up with a pretty good mix. The old
timer would remember what it was like to be a new comer, and the novice would channel
some of the enthusiasm into a more subtle appreciation of the art of fly fishing.

Advantages of being fly fishing beginners

There is nothing like watching fly fishing beginners to get you to check on your own
techniques. After all beginners will watch other fishermen closely and try to imitate their
methods. I've seen many an angler suck in his gut and fine tune a sloppy cast when a
beginner is nearby.

Beginning fly fishers are allowed mistakes. We may gently laugh at them, and then give
them some tips, but when an old timer bird nests his cast or hooks himself in the neck,
there is nothing but embarrassment all round.

A fly fishing novice can get away with asking questions. Many of us who have fished for
years somehow feel that it is a slight on our abilities to admit we don't know something. I
wonder how many of us would be much better fishers if we asked another "pro" how to
improve our roll cast technique.

Helping fly fishing beginners

There are enough fish to go round especially now that catch and release tactics are being
practiced regularly. Giving a few tips to a fly fishing beginner is good for the sport. If
you see someone who needs a hand, go help him or her out (be sensitive about it though).
You never know, that novice might lead you to the spot where your trophy fish is
waiting.

Teaching is the greatest teacher. As you help out a beginning fly fisher, you often learn or
are reminded of tactics that you once practiced, but have let slide. Your fishing, as well as
the students, will improve.

Etiquette 101 for fly fishing beginners

As a fly fishing beginner you will lose friends more quickly by one small breach of
etiquette than any other. That breach involves invading another fisherman's water.

There is nothing more annoying than hooking into a fish and suddenly finding you're the
bosom buddy of complete strangers. Fishermen who don't understand or don't care about
fishing etiquette will cast flies right where you are standing even before you land your
fish. As you walk to a quiet spot to release the catch, they'll step into the very spot you
were casting from.

If you want to remain on speaking terms with other anglers, give them plenty of room
and ask before either crossing their waters or fishing nearby. If you need to go by, get out
of the water to do so. If you are in close proximity to someone who has hooked a fish,
pull your line from the water until he has landed his fish.

Skills for fly fishing beginners

There are many places where fly fishing beginners can learn the techniques of the sport.
Initially I recommend that you find an instructor who can teach you the rudiments of
casting. Casting is fly fishing and a competent cast is vital if you are to become a
successful fisher.

Other techniques can be learned from books, magazines and from the Internet. An
extremely worthwhile pastime for fly fishing beginners is to watch other fishermen.
Don't be afraid to ask questions. Most anglers will be happy to give you advice. You
might have to pay by listening to great stories, but you'll learn a lot.

Fly fishing guides are to be found on almost every renowned river. They come in all
shapes and sizes and both sexes.

It doesn't take much for someone to set himself up as a fly fishing guide. Put on a fly
fishing vest and a strange hat and you'll fool a lot of people.

Getting paid to spend time fishing on a river, with the occasional word of encouragement
to a beginner doesn't sound like a bad job to me. Plus there's the scenery and often
praises from the fellow who believes you are personally responsible for having a 6-inch
fish gulp down a poorly presented fly.

Of course fly fishing guides generally don't have it that easy and are as likely to be
cursed as praised when a fish spits out the fly or ignores it totally. The frustrated angler
may not consider the fact that the fly is hanging from a branch six feet above the water.

There are guides and there are guides. You'll find good ones and bad ones. The bad ones
are generally looking for a good day on the river for themselves; you're just along to line
their pockets while they fill their creels.

The professional guide is out to ensure that your fishing experience is successful no
matter what your creel count. He wants you to return to fishing, and he wants you to be
able to take the skills he has taught you to any water you want to fish.

Where to find fly fishing guides

Finding good fly fishing guides is not all that hard. Because of intense competition, any
guide who wants to make a living will know his stuff and be prepared to give you his
best.

Fishermen are big talkers (as long as it's not about their secret fishing spot). You've
probably heard their lost fish stories. If they have a good experience with a guide, they'll
let others know about it.

Word of mouth recommendations are the best kind. You'll soon know if a guide is worth
the asking price.

For interest's sake I did a Google search on American fly fishing guides and came up
with 150,000 hits. Go figure.

Fly fishing guiding is a big business and there are many choices to make. One bad
recommendation will have a huge impact.

Have a chat with others who have used a guiding service that you are considering. It's
worth your time and could well save you money.

What makes good fly fishing guides?

No it really isn't the clothing. The best fly fishing guides are those who spend most of
their time out on the water. They keep up with changes both on and off the streams.

They know general fly fishing tactics and they have expert knowledge of their area.
Competent guides are both leaders and teachers.

Good fly fishing guides are willing to make suggestions to improve your techniques.
They'll happily remove the hooks you've snagged in your vest, and theirs.

Professional guides will tell you what you are likely to encounter without unrealistic
expectations. They will also tell you what you are getting for your money. I am reluctant
to return to a guiding service that hits me with hidden extras every time I cast.

A good fly fishing guide should have spent a lot of hours on the water. He should know
his stuff and not have to refer to a training manual to teach you. It's okay to ask a
potential guide questions about his or her experience before you buy.

If you're about to fish in new waters you might consider checking out some fly fishing
guides. You'll pay for the individual coaching so you need to make sure that the guide
you employ is familiar with the area you are going to fish. I'm still thinking about
applying for the job!

You can cut your learning time with fly fishing lessons and spend more productive time on the water catching fish faster. One of the fastest ways to learn a new skill or brush up is to get some one on one coaching and fly fishing is no different.

Getting started right with fly fishing lessons

For the beginning fly fisher, fly fishing lessons are not a bad idea. In fact there are valid reasons for an experienced fly fisher to take a lesson or two to familiarize him or her self to new waters.

A guided trip is something like a lesson on the water, as the guide will usually give tips about fishing the particular stretch you are working. This is often the way to go for the more experienced fisher.

What to expect from fly fishing lessons

You can take fly fishing lessons that are specific to different aspects of the art such as casting, tying flies, or knot tying. Or you can sign up for more generalized classes on the basics of fly fishing.

Fly fishing lessons come in beginner, intermediate or experienced levels. Even the old timer can learn something new. With the development of new techniques and tools a lesson can keep you in touch with what is going on in the fly fishing world.

Checking out fly fishing lessons

Fly fishing lessons are offered through a wide range of vehicles. You can sign up for a semester at a college or university, or attend a clinic offered by your local fishing tackle store or fly shop.

The fishing tackle store will likely promote the product that they sell, that's what they're all about. The benefit of these clinics is that the tutors have first hand knowledge of local waters and tips will be directed to them.

Sometimes local parks will conduct clinics. A recent one where I live was about catching walleye, but the classes range in scope and subject and are also locally specific.

What you'll pay for fly fishing lessons

Be prepared, many fly fishing lessons don't come cheap. You'll be spending anywhere from $30.00 an hour to over $500.00 for a couple of days. That only includes the lessons, not gratuities. You might pay a lot more depending on what's included.

A group lesson will be cheaper than a private one. Find some friends who are keen to go fly fishing and share the costs.

Online fly fishing lessons

You can access many sites online and find fly fishing lessons on all aspects of the craft. Some are very detailed with pictures or videos that demonstrate correct techniques.
Manufacturers of fishing equipment will often have articles and lessons on general fly fishing topics that can be very informative. You'll be told why their product is the best to use naturally, but the information is usually generic and can be applied no matter what product you're using.

Magazines and fly fishing lessons

Another source for fly fishing lessons is in the magazines that are focused on this form of fishing. There are heaps of them out there. Go look at the newsstand in any bookstore to see a selection.

Fly fishing lessons are available from many sources. How you learn is as important as what you are learning from when choosing which way to go.

If you learn well from reading and then applying principles, good on you. I would still recommend that you take a lesson from a well-versed and capable teacher.

Learning with someone beside you will give you instant feed back on any problems that you have and help you learn some of the small tricks of fly fishing that can make a big difference in your success on the water. Sharp hooks.

There are many fly fishing knots that an angler might use, but you
only need to master a few to ensure that your trophy lunker doesn't
swim off because you used the wrong knot to prepare your tackle.

The terminology of fly fishing knots

When tying fly fishing knots we need to learn the terminology so that
we are sure of what we are doing. The part of the line in which the knot
is tied is known as the tag end. The part of the line that attaches to
your reel is the standing end. The tag end is the short part of the line;
the standing line is the long part of the line.

Turning the tag end around the standing part of the line is called a
wrap or a turn. To make a loop you either tie a knot that creates a
loop or you bring the tag end of the line back alongside the standing line.

Tips to know when tying fly fishing knots

* The tighter you can make a fly fishing knot, the stronger it is, and
the less likely it will be to slip.

* Any knot will create a weakness in your line. Choosing the right knot
will ensure that the weakness is minimized.

* If you wet the knot as you tighten it, it will slide more easily and
seat properly.
* Trim the tag end close to the knot. If it is seated properly it should
not slip.
* Keep the lines parallel when tying double line knots. Twisting the lines
can cause them not to seat properly.

Fly fishing knots you should know

A simple fly fishing knot for attaching your backing line to your leader
is the Arbor knot. Loop the backing line around your reel and make an
overhand knot to tie the tag end to the standing line.

Tie another overhand knot at the end of the tag end. Moisten the knots
and tighten. Pull the standing end of the line to close the loop against
the reel.

The Albright is the knot used to join lines of different diameters or
materials. You can use this knot to tie the fly line to the backing,
or to attach wire to monofilament. Make a loop in the heavy line by
bringing the tag end back towards the standing end. Thread the light
line through the loop and make about ten wraps around the looped line
and working toward the loop. Take the end of the wrapped line and pass
it under and through the loop between tag end and the light line.
Slide the wraps toward the closed end of the loop being careful not
to let them slide off the end. Moisten and pull gently on the standing
part of both lines until they are properly seated.

If you are joining wire to monofilament you can use pliers to tighten
the knot securely.

An adaptation of the Cinch knot, the improved Cinch, is the fly fishing
knot most used to attach flies to the tippet. Thread the tippet through
the eye of the fly and wrap the tag end about five times around the
standing end. More than this will prevent the knot from tightening
sufficiently. Pass the tag end through the loop formed next to the
eye of the hook and then through the large loop. Moisten and seat
tight against the hook. When using a thicker tippet, wrap the tag
end only three times around the standing line.

Another fly fishing knot that you will use for loop-to-loop connections
is the Perfection knot. It is strong and effective. Using the tag end
of the line, make two loops with the front loop closest to the secure
part of the standing line. Pass the tag end between the two loops and
then pull the front loop through the back loop. Moisten and pull tight
then trim the tag end close to the loop.

There are many fly fishing knots and as your expertise increases you
may find yourself trying a few that are not listed here. These fly
fishing knots will get you started. If you tie them properly you will know
that if you do lose a fish it will not be because your knots failed.

It is not difficult to learn fly fishing. Learning a few basic technics will have you catching fish in no time. Fly fishing beginners can get a book from your local library and study the advice given. You can search the Internet for online fly fishing lessons and practice the instructions.

While books and Internet lessons will give you an idea of how to fly fish, my advice is that you get some personal instruction. Whether this is given by a professional or by an experienced friend matters not.

Learn fly fishing casting techniques

To best learn fly fishing casting techniques, you need to have on the water instruction. It is important that you have someone to correct your mistakes before they become habits.

Casting is the most important technique to master, and this is where the novice makes the most mistakes. One lesson in casting can make the difference between a person who fly fishes and a fly fisherman, or woman.

The importance of reading the water when you learn fly fishing

Another aspect of the craft when you learn to fly fish is the trick of reading the water. An experienced angler can often be recognized before he or she makes a first cast.

Experienced anglers will spend several minutes just looking at the water. They are not looking for rising fish necessarily although they enjoy that sight immensely. They are looking for areas of the water where fish are likely to be holding.

Fish have needs. The three basic needs are protection from predators, relief from strong currents, and food supply. This applies whether fly fishing small streams , or using lake fly fishing techniques . When you learn fly fishing you'll learn to recognize which areas of the water will provide fish with those needs. Where two or more of the conditions are found, fish are likely to be holding.

The way the waters flow, the debris and boulders in the water, and the vegetation on the banks all provide clues to a fish holding area. As you learn to read the waters you will begin to recognize what they are telling you.
Learn fly fishing vocabulary

Most sports have their own vocabulary, fly fishing is no different. As you learn fly fishing you will learn to understand words specific to the art. Here are a few definitions that you will encounter.

Drift (dead drift) refers to the movement of the fly as it floats on the current. A natural movement of the fly is the aim of the angler. Drag is the fly fisherman's nightmare. If the fly moves against the current or behaves in an unnatural way it is dragging. Drag will send a trout flying off to parts unknown.

Floating line is a fly fishing line that floats on the surface of the water. It is designed to fish dry flies, but can be used to fish wets as well. It is the easiest of the fly lines to cast. It is the line of choice for many anglers and the best for the novice to use.

Sinking lines sink below the surface and are used when fishing flies on the river or lake bottom.

Hackles are feathers commonly used in tying flies. They particularly refer to chicken neck feathers, but are often used to define any feathers on a fly.

Fly fishing strike indicators are added to the leader to show (indicate) when a fish takes the fly. It is also used to show where and how the fly is traveling and are most often used when fly fishing nymphs. Indicators can be as simple as a piece of wool or colored paste attached to the line.

A leader is a piece of monofilament attached to the fly line. It can be knotted, unknotted, of various weights, and of various lengths from a few feet to over 15 feet. The fly is tied to the leader.

Mending the line involves flipping the leader to help create a natural drift for the fly. If the fly line moves ahead of the fly, it can spook wary fish. Mending the line can prevent this from happening and can give you a longer drift.

These are just a few of the terms you will encounter when you learn to fly fish.

There are many skills to master when you learn fly fishing. Having a personal teacher to start you off will ensure that you understand the techniques. After you have learned the basics, practice and time on the water will fine-tune your skills until the day comes when you realize that you too are a fly fisherman or woman.

Understanding some fly fishing basics will help the novice enjoy a successful fishing experience. Fly fishing is more than throwing a line on the water and waiting for the action to start. Certainly the point of fishing is to catch fish, but there's something about fly fishing that makes practicing the art as rewarding as seeing a full creel. Even more so if you practice catch and release tactics.

Fly fishing basics: what you need

Even a beginner fly fisher needs tools. Rod, reel, line and some flies will get you a starter kit, but knowing how your tools work together is an essential ingredient of fly fishing basics.

Fly fishing basics: the fly fishing rod

Fly Fishing Rods come in many lengths and weights. In order to make the right choices you need firstly to consider the type of waters you will fish. For general purposes a 4 -5 weight 9-foot rod should do the job.

Experienced fly fishers may have several rods in their armory. As you gain more experience you might consider buying a shorter rod for those times when you are fishing waters with a lot of overhanging vegetation.

Fly rods also come in a variety of materials. The most commonly used rod today is made from graphite. Buy the best model that you can afford. A good rod will last many years with careful handling.

Fly fishing basics: the line

Your fly fishing lines are the tool that will carry the fly to where the fish are (if you have aimed it right). Fitting the line to the rod is one of your fly fishing basics. If you are not sure, ask a knowledgeable salesman in your local fishing store.

Fly fishing lines come in different shapes, commonly known as tapers. Weight forward, floating lines are the easiest for the beginner to cast.

You can always fish a wet fly on a floating line, but never a dry fly on a sinking line. The floating line is usually the line of choice even for the more experienced fisherman.

When you buy your line also buy something to clean it with. The line eventually wears out, but keeping it free from accumulations of dirt and film from the water will extend its life.

You'll also need to buy some backing (100 yards recommended) for the times when the trophy trout strips all your line from your reel. Braided nylon or Dacron is the best choice. Use an Arbor Knot to tie your backing line to the reel.

The strongest knot for tying your fly line to the backing is the nail knot. Alternatively you could use an Albright or a Spider Knot

Fly fishing basics: the leader

The leader is the third section of your fly fishing line and choosing the correct line is another of the fly fishing basics. The leader consists of a length of monofilament (colorless will prevent it from spooking wary fish). The leader will varying in length according to fishing conditions but can be anything from 5 to 15 feet.

The diameter of the fly line and the end of the leader that will attach to it should be about the same. The leader can then taper down to a variety of diameters to suit whatever the fishing conditions are. The rule of thumb is the smaller the fly being used the small the tippet material.

Attach the leader to the fly line with any of the following knots: the Albright, the Blood, the Surgeon's, or the Huffnagle. To attach the tippet to the fly a Cinch or Improved Cinch knot are the most commonly used.

Fly fishing basics: the reel

If you are going to skimp on anything when purchasing your fly fishing equipment, the fly fishing reel is where you might be able to do so. But remember, if your reel fails when you are trying to land a lunker trout, you'll wish you had chosen differently.

There are almost as many fly fishing reels as there are spinning or bait casting reels. You need to consider a couple of things before buying.

What type of drag mechanism does the reel have? The traditional 'spring and pawl' system is fine for fishing with a light weight tippet for small fish. If you are going for the big buggers or something like bass you'll need the disc drag reel.

A cheap reel will wear out quickly, a quality reel will last a lifetime with proper care. It's worth the investment if you plan on fly fishing for many years.

If you are a lefty like me, you'll need to buy a reel that can be changed to a right hand retrieve as you'll be holding the rod in your left hand.

Fly fishing basics: the flies

You'll see fishermen on the river with a huge assortment of flies in their tackle. A fly fishing basic selection will get you started. You can always add to them as you spend more time on the waters.

I recommend that you have the following in your kit in sizes 14, 16 and 18 some Elk Hair Caddis and Adams for dry fly fishing. Midges in the smallest sizes always seem to be on the trout menu.

For wet fishing I usually have a couple of nymphs again in the 14 -18 sizes. Some Woolly Buggers in size 10 or 12 are good for exploring the bottom waters. The remaining essential item to your fly fishing basic kit is a selection of flies.

Ask your local fly shop about the current hatches and add a selection of flies to imitate them.

Basic fly fishing: added extras

There are a few additions to your fly fishing basic kit that would be nice to have if not essential. These include a vest with many pockets to carry all your goodies right there on the water.

Fly fishing waders are necessary for fishing in cold waters. You can find several different materials and weights to suit your conditions. They come with or without attached boots.

I recommend chest waders without the attached boots. You can purchase boots for comfort and fit which is always nice for a long day on the river.

When wading with chest waders, keep the safety belt in place as it will help keep water out if you ever take a dunking.

A hat is great for keeping the sun off your head but even greater for diverting the miss-cast fly from your face. If you look at other fishermen you'll see that hats come in all shapes and sizes, and personalities!

Putting it all together: fly fishing basics

You have all your kit; you look the part; now its time to wet your line. Fly fishing basics involve putting everything together so that the fly at the end of your line does what you want it to do.

Learning the cast is the first fly fishing basic task. Practice at home if you have a decent back yard, or the nearest park will suffice. Make sure that you are using a hookless fly for safety's sake, yours and others.

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